Medical Specialty Information

Good medical care in the appropriate medical specialty is crucial in workers' compensation as it ensures proper treatment for workplace injuries or illnesses, speeds up recovery, and helps employees return to work. Quality medical care also helps control costs and prevent future disabilities or complications, reducing the risk of long-term liability for employers and insurers.

Medical specialties are branches of medicine that focus on specific areas of health and disease. Some common specialties include: Cardiology (heart and blood vessels), Neurology (brain and nervous system), Oncology (cancer), Orthopedics (bones and joints), Pediatrics (children's health), Psychiatry (mental health), and Surgery (operative treatment). Each specialty requires extensive education and training, and some may also require additional certification or licensure. Within each specialty, practitioners may choose to focus on specific subspecialties, such as cardiovascular surgery or child psychiatry. Choosing a specialty depends on a physician's interests, skills, and personal preferences, as well as the needs and demographics of the patient population they wish to serve.

Note that the following is not an exhaustive list and is being provided for information purposes only. You should talk to a doctor if you have questions or concerns about medical conditions and treatment, or any other medically-related issues.

Allergy and Immunology

Allergy and Immunology is a medical specialty that deals with diagnosing and treating conditions related to the immune system such as allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiencies. This specialty focuses on identifying the underlying cause of symptoms and developing customized treatment plans to improve the quality of life for patients.

Anesthesiology

Anesthesiology is a medical specialty that focuses on managing pain and other sensations during surgical procedures, childbirth, and other medical procedures. Anesthesiologists use a variety of medications and techniques to control pain, provide sedation, and maintain vital functions, ensuring that patients are comfortable and safe during medical procedures.

Cardiology

Cardiology is a medical specialty that focuses on diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the heart and blood vessels. This includes conditions such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, and heart attacks. Cardiologists use a range of diagnostic tests, such as echocardiograms and stress tests, to determine the underlying cause of symptoms. Treatment may involve lifestyle changes, medications, or procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery.

Chiropractic

Chiropractic is a healthcare specialty that focuses on the treatment of the musculoskeletal system, especially the spine, through manual adjustments and manipulations to restore proper joint and nerve function. It emphasizes the relationship between the structure of the body and its ability to function properly.

Dentistry

Dentistry is a medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of oral diseases, conditions, and injuries. It includes the examination and cleaning of teeth, fillings, extractions, root canals, braces, and other dental procedures. Dentists work to maintain the health and function of the teeth and mouth and to improve appearance through cosmetic dentistry.

Dermatology

Dermatology is the medical specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of skin conditions, hair, and nail disorders. Dermatologists are trained to diagnose and treat skin conditions such as acne, rosacea, psoriasis, skin cancer, and more. They use various techniques such as biopsies, topical medications, and surgical procedures to treat these conditions.

Emergency Medicine

Emergency Medicine is a medical specialty that focuses on the immediate and urgent medical needs of patients in emergency situations. Emergency Physicians diagnose and treat life-threatening conditions such as heart attacks, strokes, and trauma, as well as provide critical care in the emergency room. They work in high-stress, fast-paced environments and are trained to make quick, accurate decisions to save lives.

Endocrinology

Endocrinology is a medical specialty that deals with the study of hormones and the endocrine system. Endocrinologists diagnose and treat diseases related to hormones, such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, and infertility. They focus on the regulation of hormones and metabolism, and how hormones affect growth, development, and other bodily functions. Endocrinologists work closely with other medical specialists to provide comprehensive care for patients with endocrine disorders.

Family Practice

Family Practice is a medical specialty that focuses on the overall health of individuals and families. This field provides comprehensive and continuous medical care to patients of all ages, from newborns to elderly individuals, and covers a wide range of health issues. Family practitioners are trained to diagnose and treat common illnesses, provide preventive care, and manage chronic conditions. They typically serve as the primary care provider for families, coordinating all aspects of their medical care.

Gastroenterology

Gastroenterology is a medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases affecting the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon and rectum, pancreas, gallbladder, and liver. This specialty utilizes diagnostic procedures such as endoscopy and colonoscopy to identify and treat digestive issues.

General Preventive Medicine

General Preventive Medicine is a medical specialty that focuses on promoting health, preventing disease, and prolonging life. This field integrates clinical medicine, public health, and health services research to improve the overall health of communities and populations. This specialty works to prevent and control infectious diseases, reduce risk factors for chronic illnesses, and improve access to healthcare. Practitioners in this field strive to improve the health of communities through policies and programs that address social, economic, and environmental factors that impact health.

Hematology

Hematology is a medical specialty that deals with the study of blood, blood-forming organs and blood diseases. Hematologists diagnose and treat conditions such as anemia, bleeding disorders, blood clots, and cancers of the blood, such as leukemia and lymphoma. They use a range of diagnostic tools and treatments, including blood tests, bone marrow biopsy and blood transfusions.

Infectious Disease

Infectious Disease is a medical specialty that focuses on diagnosing and treating infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. This specialty encompasses a wide range of illnesses, from the common cold to more serious diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and Lyme disease. Infectious Disease specialists use their expertise in microorganisms and the human immune system to identify and treat infections.

Internal Medicine

Internal Medicine is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of adult diseases and conditions. It covers a wide range of medical issues including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory illness, and digestive disorders. Internists are trained to handle complex medical cases, and they often serve as primary care physicians for adult patients.

Medicine Otherwise Qualified

Medicine Otherwise Qualified (MOQ) is a medical specialty that focuses on providing medical care to patients who have been rejected by other medical specialists due to complicated or challenging medical conditions. MOQ specialists use a multidisciplinary approach and innovative techniques to diagnose and treat patients who have previously been considered "untreatable."

Nephrology

Nephrology is a medical specialty that deals with the study of kidneys and their functions, as well as their diseases and treatments. It covers all aspects of kidney health, from routine care to the management of complex conditions such as chronic kidney disease and kidney failure. Nephrologists are trained to diagnose and treat a wide range of kidney-related issues, including high blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances, and kidney stones.

Neurology

Neurology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It involves the study of conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease, among others. Neurologists use various techniques and treatments, including medication, surgery, and rehabilitation, to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Neurological Surgery

Neurological surgery is a medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment of conditions related to the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. This includes surgical procedures for brain tumors, spinal cord injuries, epilepsy, and other neurological disorders. It requires specialized training and expertise in anatomy, neuroscience, and surgical techniques.

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Obstetrics and Gynecology is a medical specialty that deals with women's reproductive health and childbirth. It includes prenatal care, delivery, and postpartum care, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological conditions. Obstetricians and gynecologists provide comprehensive care to women throughout their lives.

Occupational Medicine

Occupational Medicine is a medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of work-related illnesses and injuries. It involves the integration of medical knowledge and workplace practices to promote the health and well-being of employees and improve overall productivity. Occupational Medicine physicians work to prevent and manage occupational diseases, promote healthy work environments, and ensure compliance with occupational health and safety regulations.

Oncology

Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. It involves the study of the biological, molecular, and genetic basis of cancer, as well as the development of new and innovative treatments and technologies to improve patient outcomes. Oncologists work closely with other healthcare professionals, including radiologists, surgeons, and pathologists, to provide comprehensive and personalized care for patients with cancer.

Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology is a medical specialty that deals with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of eye disorders, diseases and injuries. It covers a range of conditions from common problems like nearsightedness and cataracts, to more complex conditions such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and retinal detachment. Ophthalmologists are trained to use medical, surgical and laser techniques to diagnose, treat and manage eye conditions.

Optometry

Optometry is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of eye diseases and visual disorders. Optometrists use various techniques and technologies to assess visual acuity, eye health, and overall ocular health, and provide corrective measures such as eyeglasses or contact lenses. They also prescribe medications to treat eye infections and other conditions, and refer patients to ophthalmologists for more complex issues.

Orthopaedic Surgery

Orthopaedic Surgery is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. It involves surgical and non-surgical techniques to treat a range of conditions, including fractures, arthritis, sports injuries, spinal problems, and congenital defects.

Otolaryngology

Otolaryngology is a medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the ear, nose, throat, head, and neck. It encompasses a wide range of conditions including hearing loss, sinusitis, laryngitis, sleep apnea, and head and neck cancers. An otolaryngologist is a medical doctor who specializes in this field.

Pain Medicine

Pain Medicine is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of chronic pain conditions. It involves a combination of interventional techniques, medication management, and rehabilitation to reduce pain, improve function, and improve quality of life for patients. Pain Medicine specialists are trained to provide individualized care that considers the patient's physical, emotional, and social well-being.

Pathology

Pathology is the study of disease. It involves the examination of tissues, organs, and bodily fluids to diagnose and understand the underlying causes of disease. Pathologists use a variety of techniques, including microscopic examination and chemical analysis, to help diagnose and treat diseases. They also play an important role in research by investigating the causes and progression of diseases, developing new diagnostic techniques, and testing new treatments.

Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation

Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R) is a medical specialty that focuses on improving and restoring physical function, mobility, and quality of life for individuals with disabilities and chronic conditions through non-surgical methods such as physical therapy, rehabilitation, and pain management. The specialty combines medical, therapeutic, and technological approaches to help patients achieve their goals and regain independence.

Plastic Surgery

Plastic surgery is a medical specialty that focuses on restoring, reconstructing, or modifying the form, function, and appearance of the body. This can involve surgery to repair physical abnormalities caused by birth defects, injury, disease, or aging, as well as cosmetic procedures to enhance one's appearance. Plastic surgeons use various techniques, including skin grafts, tissue flaps, and implants, to achieve the desired outcome.

Podiatry

Podiatry is a medical specialty focused on diagnosing and treating conditions related to the feet and lower legs. This includes foot and ankle injuries, deformities, and skin conditions, as well as issues related to gait and posture. Podiatrists use a combination of medical and surgical treatments to help their patients regain mobility and reduce pain. They also provide preventive care and advice on proper foot care to help maintain healthy feet.

Psychiatry

Psychiatry is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illnesses and behavioral disorders. Psychiatrists use a combination of medication, therapy, and other interventions to help patients manage their symptoms and improve their overall well-being. They work in collaboration with other healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive care to individuals with mental health conditions.

Psychology

The psychology medical specialty refers to the study of mental processes and behavior in medical settings. It deals with the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of mental health conditions in patients, using various therapeutic approaches. This field helps medical professionals understand the psychological impact of illness and injury, and the role it plays in the healing process.

Pulmonary Disease

Pulmonary Disease is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions affecting the lungs and respiratory system. This includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, lung cancer, pneumonia, bronchitis, and other respiratory diseases. Pulmonologists work with patients to manage symptoms, improve lung function, and prevent complications through medical, surgical, and therapeutic interventions.

Rheumatology

Rheumatology is a medical specialty that focuses on diagnosing and treating conditions that affect the joints, bones, and muscles such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and gout. It involves working with patients to develop a comprehensive treatment plan, including medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes. Rheumatologists aim to reduce pain, improve mobility, and enhance overall quality of life for those affected by these conditions.

Thoracic Surgery

Thoracic surgery is a surgical specialty that focuses on the treatment of diseases and conditions affecting the thorax, which includes the chest, lungs, and esophagus. Thoracic surgeons use a range of surgical techniques to treat conditions such as lung cancer, esophageal cancer, chest trauma, and lung disease.

Toxicology

Toxicology is a medical specialty that deals with the study of harmful effects of chemicals and drugs on the body. It involves understanding the mechanisms of toxicity, identifying toxic substances, and developing strategies for managing poisonings and hazardous exposures. Toxicologists use their expertise to help diagnose and treat patients, prevent exposure to toxic substances, and promote public health and safety.

Urology

Urology is a medical specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of conditions related to the urinary tract in both men and women. This includes diseases of the urinary tract, bladder, urethra, prostate, and reproductive organs. Urologists perform procedures such as bladder surgery, kidney stone removal, and vasectomy.

Vascular Surgery

Vascular Surgery is a medical specialty that deals with surgical procedures on the blood vessels of the body. These procedures are aimed at diagnosing and treating conditions that affect the circulatory system such as aneurysms, blocked arteries, and varicose veins. Vascular surgeons use minimally invasive techniques, endovascular procedures, and open surgeries to repair or replace damaged blood vessels and restore blood flow.